From 7faf3c0254bb63af89f9eb59beefacb4cba26dd9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Xiang Xiao <xiaoxiang@xiaomi.com>
Date: Tue, 19 May 2020 22:25:18 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] build: replace ${TOPDIR} with $(TOPDIR) in Makefile

make the usage consistence

Signed-off-by: Xiang Xiao <xiaoxiang@xiaomi.com>
---
 Documentation/NuttxPortingGuide.html          | 28 +++++++++----------
 boards/arm/a1x/pcduino-a10/scripts/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 .../am335x/beaglebone-black/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 boards/arm/c5471/c5471evm/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 .../arm/cxd56xx/spresense/scripts/Make.defs   |  8 +++---
 .../arm/dm320/ntosd-dm320/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 .../efm32/efm32-g8xx-stk/scripts/Make.defs    |  6 ++--
 .../efm32/efm32gg-stk3700/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 .../scripts/Make.defs                         |  6 ++--
 boards/arm/imx6/sabre-6quad/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../arm/imxrt/imxrt1020-evk/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../imxrt1050-evk/configs/knsh/Make.defs      |  6 ++--
 .../configs/libcxxtest/Make.defs              |  6 ++--
 .../arm/imxrt/imxrt1050-evk/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../imxrt1060-evk/configs/knsh/Make.defs      |  6 ++--
 .../configs/libcxxtest/Make.defs              |  6 ++--
 .../arm/imxrt/imxrt1060-evk/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../kinetis/freedom-k28f/scripts/Make.defs    |  6 ++--
 .../kinetis/freedom-k64f/scripts/Make.defs    |  6 ++--
 .../kinetis/freedom-k66f/scripts/Make.defs    |  6 ++--
 .../kinetis/kwikstik-k40/scripts/Make.defs    |  6 ++--
 .../arm/kinetis/teensy-3.x/scripts/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 .../arm/kinetis/twr-k60n512/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../kinetis/twr-k64f120m/scripts/Make.defs    |  6 ++--
 boards/arm/kl/freedom-kl25z/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 boards/arm/kl/freedom-kl26z/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 boards/arm/kl/teensy-lc/scripts/Make.defs     |  6 ++--
 .../lc823450/lc823450-xgevk/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../lpc17xx_40xx/lincoln60/scripts/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 .../lpc4088-devkit/configs/knsh/Make.defs     |  6 ++--
 .../lpc4088-devkit/scripts/Make.defs          |  6 ++--
 .../lpc4088-quickstart/configs/knsh/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../lpc4088-quickstart/scripts/Make.defs      |  6 ++--
 .../configs/thttpd/Make.defs                  |  6 ++--
 .../lpcxpresso-lpc1768/scripts/Make.defs      |  6 ++--
 .../arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lx_cpu/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../arm/lpc17xx_40xx/mbed/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 .../lpc17xx_40xx/mcb1700/scripts/Make.defs    |  6 ++--
 .../configs/thttpd-binfs/Make.defs            |  6 ++--
 .../configs/thttpd-nxflat/Make.defs           |  6 ++--
 .../olimex-lpc1766stk/scripts/Make.defs       |  6 ++--
 .../open1788/configs/knsh/Make.defs           |  6 ++--
 .../open1788/configs/knxterm/Make.defs        |  6 ++--
 .../lpc17xx_40xx/open1788/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 .../pnev5180b/configs/knsh/Make.defs          |  6 ++--
 .../lpc17xx_40xx/pnev5180b/scripts/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 .../u-blox-c027/scripts/Make.defs             |  6 ++--
 .../zkit-arm-1769/scripts/Make.defs           |  6 ++--
 .../lpc214x/mcu123-lpc214x/scripts/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 boards/arm/lpc214x/zp214xpa/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../lpc2378/olimex-lpc2378/scripts/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 .../lpc31xx/ea3131/configs/pgnsh/Make.defs    |  6 ++--
 boards/arm/lpc31xx/ea3131/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 boards/arm/lpc31xx/ea3152/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 .../olimex-lpc-h3131/scripts/Make.defs        |  6 ++--
 .../bambino-200e/configs/netnsh/Make.defs     |  6 ++--
 .../lpc43xx/bambino-200e/scripts/Make.defs    |  6 ++--
 .../lpc43xx/lpc4330-xplorer/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../arm/lpc43xx/lpc4337-ws/scripts/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 .../arm/lpc43xx/lpc4357-evb/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../lpc43xx/lpc4370-link2/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 .../lpcxpresso-lpc54628/scripts/Make.defs     |  6 ++--
 .../max326xx/max32660-evsys/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 boards/arm/moxart/moxa/scripts/Make.defs      |  6 ++--
 .../arm/nrf52/nrf52-feather/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../arm/nrf52/nrf52832-dk/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 .../arm/nrf52/nrf52840-dk/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 .../nrf52/nrf52840-dongle/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 .../nuc1xx/nutiny-nuc120/scripts/Make.defs    |  6 ++--
 .../rddrone-uavcan144/scripts/Make.defs       |  6 ++--
 .../rddrone-uavcan146/scripts/Make.defs       |  6 ++--
 .../arm/s32k1xx/s32k118evb/scripts/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 .../arm/s32k1xx/s32k144evb/scripts/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 .../arm/s32k1xx/s32k146evb/scripts/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 .../arm/s32k1xx/s32k148evb/scripts/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 .../arm/sam34/arduino-due/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 .../sam34/flipnclick-sam3x/scripts/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 .../arm/sam34/sam3u-ek/configs/knsh/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 boards/arm/sam34/sam3u-ek/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 boards/arm/sam34/sam4cmp-db/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 boards/arm/sam34/sam4e-ek/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 .../sam34/sam4l-xplained/scripts/Make.defs    |  6 ++--
 .../sam4s-xplained-pro/scripts/Make.defs      |  6 ++--
 .../sam34/sam4s-xplained/scripts/Make.defs    |  6 ++--
 .../arm/sama5/sama5d2-xult/scripts/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 .../sama5/sama5d3-xplained/scripts/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 .../arm/sama5/sama5d3x-ek/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 .../sama5/sama5d4-ek/configs/knsh/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 boards/arm/sama5/sama5d4-ek/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../arm/samd2l2/arduino-m0/scripts/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 .../samd2l2/samd20-xplained/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../samd2l2/samd21-xplained/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../samd2l2/saml21-xplained/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 boards/arm/samd5e5/metro-m4/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../same54-xplained-pro/scripts/Make.defs     |  6 ++--
 .../samv7/same70-xplained/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 .../samv7/samv71-xult/configs/knsh/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 .../arm/samv7/samv71-xult/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 boards/arm/stm32/axoloti/scripts/Make.defs    |  6 ++--
 .../stm32/clicker2-stm32/scripts/Make.defs    |  6 ++--
 boards/arm/stm32/cloudctrl/scripts/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 .../arm/stm32/fire-stm32v2/scripts/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 .../arm/stm32/hymini-stm32v/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 boards/arm/stm32/maple/scripts/Make.defs      |  6 ++--
 .../stm32/mikroe-stm32f4/scripts/Make.defs    |  6 ++--
 .../arm/stm32/nucleo-f103rb/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../arm/stm32/nucleo-f207zg/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../arm/stm32/nucleo-f302r8/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../arm/stm32/nucleo-f303re/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../arm/stm32/nucleo-f303ze/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../arm/stm32/nucleo-f334r8/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../arm/stm32/nucleo-f410rb/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../arm/stm32/nucleo-f429zi/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../arm/stm32/nucleo-f446re/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../arm/stm32/nucleo-f4x1re/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../arm/stm32/nucleo-l152re/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../stm32/olimex-stm32-e407/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../stm32/olimex-stm32-h405/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../stm32/olimex-stm32-h407/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../stm32/olimex-stm32-p107/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../stm32/olimex-stm32-p207/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../olimex-stm32-p407/configs/kelf/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 .../configs/kmodule/Make.defs                 |  6 ++--
 .../olimex-stm32-p407/configs/knsh/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 .../stm32/olimex-stm32-p407/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../stm32/olimexino-stm32/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 boards/arm/stm32/omnibusf4/scripts/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 boards/arm/stm32/photon/scripts/Make.defs     |  6 ++--
 boards/arm/stm32/shenzhou/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 .../arm/stm32/stm3210e-eval/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../arm/stm32/stm3220g-eval/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../stm3240g-eval/configs/knxwm/Make.defs     |  6 ++--
 .../arm/stm32/stm3240g-eval/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 boards/arm/stm32/stm32_tiny/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../stm32/stm32butterfly2/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 .../stm32/stm32f103-minimum/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../stm32/stm32f334-disco/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 .../stm32/stm32f3discovery/scripts/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 .../stm32/stm32f411e-disco/scripts/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 .../stm32/stm32f429i-disco/scripts/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 .../configs/cxxtest/Make.defs                 |  6 ++--
 .../stm32f4discovery/configs/elf/Make.defs    |  6 ++--
 .../configs/posix_spawn/Make.defs             |  6 ++--
 .../configs/testlibcxx/Make.defs              |  6 ++--
 .../configs/winbuild/Make.defs                |  6 ++--
 .../stm32/stm32f4discovery/scripts/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 .../stm32/stm32ldiscovery/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 .../stm32/stm32vldiscovery/scripts/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 .../viewtool-stm32f107/scripts/Make.defs      |  6 ++--
 .../b-l072z-lrwan1/scripts/Make.defs          |  6 ++--
 .../nucleo-f072rb/scripts/Make.defs           |  6 ++--
 .../nucleo-f091rc/scripts/Make.defs           |  6 ++--
 .../nucleo-g070rb/scripts/Make.defs           |  6 ++--
 .../nucleo-g071rb/scripts/Make.defs           |  6 ++--
 .../nucleo-l073rz/scripts/Make.defs           |  6 ++--
 .../stm32f051-discovery/scripts/Make.defs     |  6 ++--
 .../stm32f072-discovery/scripts/Make.defs     |  6 ++--
 .../nucleo-144/configs/f722-nsh/Make.defs     |  6 ++--
 .../nucleo-144/configs/f746-evalos/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 .../nucleo-144/configs/f746-nsh/Make.defs     |  6 ++--
 .../nucleo-144/configs/f767-evalos/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 .../nucleo-144/configs/f767-netnsh/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 .../nucleo-144/configs/f767-nsh/Make.defs     |  6 ++--
 .../stm32f7/stm32f746-ws/scripts/Make.defs    |  6 ++--
 .../stm32f746g-disco/scripts/Make.defs        |  6 ++--
 .../stm32f769i-disco/scripts/Make.defs        |  6 ++--
 .../stm32h7/nucleo-h743zi/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 .../stm32h747i-disco/scripts/Make.defs        |  6 ++--
 .../stm32l4/b-l475e-iot01a/scripts/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 .../stm32l4/nucleo-l432kc/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 .../stm32l4/nucleo-l452re/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 .../stm32l4/nucleo-l476rg/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 .../stm32l4/nucleo-l496zg/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 .../stm32l4/stm32l476-mdk/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 .../stm32l476vg-disco/configs/knsh/Make.defs  |  8 +++---
 .../stm32l476vg-disco/scripts/Make.defs       |  8 +++---
 .../stm32l4r9ai-disco/configs/knsh/Make.defs  |  8 +++---
 .../stm32l4r9ai-disco/scripts/Make.defs       |  8 +++---
 .../str71x/olimex-strp711/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 boards/arm/tiva/dk-tm4c129x/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 boards/arm/tiva/eagle100/scripts/Make.defs    |  6 ++--
 .../arm/tiva/ekk-lm3s9b96/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 .../tiva/launchxl-cc1310/scripts/Make.defs    |  6 ++--
 .../tiva/launchxl-cc1312r1/scripts/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 .../arm/tiva/lm3s6432-s2e/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 boards/arm/tiva/lm3s6965-ek/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 boards/arm/tiva/lm3s8962-ek/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../tiva/lm4f120-launchpad/scripts/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 .../tiva/tm4c123g-launchpad/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../tiva/tm4c1294-launchpad/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../launchxl-tms57004/scripts/Make.defs       |  6 ++--
 .../tms570ls31x-usb-kit/scripts/Make.defs     |  6 ++--
 .../arm/xmc4/xmc4500-relax/scripts/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 .../arm/xmc4/xmc4700-relax/scripts/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 .../avr/at32uc3/avr32dev1/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 .../at90usb/micropendous3/scripts/Make.defs   |  6 ++--
 .../avr/at90usb/teensy-2.0/scripts/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 boards/avr/atmega/amber/scripts/Make.defs     |  6 ++--
 .../atmega/arduino-mega2560/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../avr/atmega/moteino-mega/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../hc/m9s12/demo9s12ne64/scripts/Make.defs   |  4 +--
 boards/hc/m9s12/ne64badge/scripts/Make.defs   |  4 +--
 boards/mips/pic32mx/mirtoo/scripts/Make.defs  |  8 +++---
 .../pic32mx-starterkit/scripts/Make.defs      |  8 +++---
 .../pic32mx/pic32mx7mmb/scripts/Make.defs     |  8 +++---
 .../pic32mx/sure-pic32mx/scripts/Make.defs    |  8 +++---
 boards/mips/pic32mx/ubw32/scripts/Make.defs   |  8 +++---
 .../flipnclick-pic32mz/scripts/Make.defs      |  8 +++---
 .../pic32mz-starterkit/scripts/Make.defs      |  8 +++---
 boards/misoc/lm32/misoc/scripts/Make.defs     |  8 +++---
 boards/or1k/mor1kx/or1k/scripts/Make.defs     |  6 ++--
 .../renesas/m16c/skp16c26/scripts/Make.defs   |  4 +--
 .../rx65n/rx65n-grrose/scripts/Make.defs      |  4 +--
 .../rx65n/rx65n-rsk1mb/scripts/Make.defs      |  4 +--
 .../rx65n/rx65n-rsk2mb/scripts/Make.defs      |  4 +--
 boards/renesas/rx65n/rx65n/scripts/Make.defs  |  4 +--
 .../renesas/sh1/us7032evb1/scripts/Make.defs  |  4 +--
 .../fe310/hifive1-revb/scripts/Make.defs      |  6 ++--
 boards/risc-v/gap8/gapuino/scripts/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 boards/risc-v/k210/maix-bit/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 boards/risc-v/litex/arty_a7/scripts/Make.defs |  6 ++--
 .../nr5m100/nr5m100-nexys4/scripts/Make.defs  |  6 ++--
 boards/sim/sim/sim/configs/cxxtest/Make.defs  |  4 +--
 boards/sim/sim/sim/scripts/Make.defs          |  4 +--
 boards/x86/qemu/qemu-i486/scripts/Make.defs   |  4 +--
 .../intel64/qemu-intel64/scripts/Make.defs    |  4 +--
 .../xtensa/esp32/esp32-core/scripts/Make.defs |  8 +++---
 .../z16f/z16f2800100zcog/scripts/Make.defs    |  2 +-
 .../ez80/ez80f910200kitg/scripts/Make.defs    |  2 +-
 .../z80/ez80/ez80f910200zco/scripts/Make.defs |  2 +-
 boards/z80/ez80/makerlisp/scripts/Make.defs   |  2 +-
 boards/z80/ez80/z20x/scripts/Make.defs        |  2 +-
 boards/z80/z180/p112/scripts/Make.defs        |  4 +--
 .../z80/z8/z8encore000zco/scripts/Make.defs   |  2 +-
 .../z80/z8/z8f64200100kit/scripts/Make.defs   |  2 +-
 boards/z80/z80/z80sim/scripts/Make.defs       |  4 +--
 libs/libc/machine/Make.defs                   | 10 +++----
 libs/libc/machine/arm/Make.defs               | 16 +++++------
 libs/libc/machine/risc-v/Make.defs            |  2 +-
 tools/Makefile.unix                           |  2 +-
 240 files changed, 720 insertions(+), 720 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/NuttxPortingGuide.html b/Documentation/NuttxPortingGuide.html
index 3eb4fd49f12..1e1cb7f5a96 100644
--- a/Documentation/NuttxPortingGuide.html
+++ b/Documentation/NuttxPortingGuide.html
@@ -1538,7 +1538,7 @@ tools/
 
 <h2>2.20 <a name="topmakefile">nuttx/Makefile</a></h2>
 <p>
-  The top-level <code>Makefile</code> in the <code>${TOPDIR}</code> directory contains all of the top-level control
+  The top-level <code>Makefile</code> in the <code>$(TOPDIR)</code> directory contains all of the top-level control
   logic to build NuttX.
   Use of this <code>Makefile</code> to build NuttX is described <a href="#buildingnuttx">below</a>.
 </p>
@@ -1555,12 +1555,12 @@ tools/
 <p>
   <b>Manual Configuration</b>.
   Configuring NuttX requires only copying the
-  <a href="#boardconfigsubdirs">board-specific configuration files</a> into the top level directory which appears in the make files as the make variable, <code>${TOPDIR}</code>.
+  <a href="#boardconfigsubdirs">board-specific configuration files</a> into the top level directory which appears in the make files as the make variable, <code>$(TOPDIR)</code>.
   This could be done manually as follows:
 </p>
 <ul>
-  <li>Copy <code>boards/</code><i>&lt;arch-name&gt;</i><code>/</code><i>&lt;chip-name&gt;</i><code>/</code><i>&lt;board-name&gt;</i><code>/configs/[</code><i>&lt;config-dir&gt;</i><code>/]Make.defs</code> to <code>${TOPDIR}/Make.defs</code> (see NOTE below),</li>
-  <li>Copy <code>boards/</code><i>&lt;arch-name&gt;</i><code>/</code><i>&lt;chip-name&gt;</i><code>/</code><i>&lt;board-name&gt;</i><code>/configs/[</code><i>&lt;config-dir&gt;</i><code>/]defconfig</code> to <code>${TOPDIR}/.config</code></li>
+  <li>Copy <code>boards/</code><i>&lt;arch-name&gt;</i><code>/</code><i>&lt;chip-name&gt;</i><code>/</code><i>&lt;board-name&gt;</i><code>/configs/[</code><i>&lt;config-dir&gt;</i><code>/]Make.defs</code> to <code>$(TOPDIR)/Make.defs</code> (see NOTE below),</li>
+  <li>Copy <code>boards/</code><i>&lt;arch-name&gt;</i><code>/</code><i>&lt;chip-name&gt;</i><code>/</code><i>&lt;board-name&gt;</i><code>/configs/[</code><i>&lt;config-dir&gt;</i><code>/]defconfig</code> to <code>$(TOPDIR)/.config</code></li>
 </ul>
 
 <p>
@@ -1679,7 +1679,7 @@ tools/version.h -v 6.1 .version
 
 <p>
   <b>Additional Configuration Steps</b>.
-  The remainder of configuration steps will be performed by <a href="#topmakefile"><code>${TOPDIR}/Makefile</code></a>
+  The remainder of configuration steps will be performed by <a href="#topmakefile"><code>$(TOPDIR)/Makefile</code></a>
   the first time the system is built as described below.
 </p>
 
@@ -1689,11 +1689,11 @@ tools/version.h -v 6.1 .version
    Once NuttX has been configured as described <a href="#configuringnuttx">above</a>, it may be built as follows:
 </p>
 <ul><pre>
-cd ${TOPDIR}
+cd $(TOPDIR)
 make
 </pre></ul>
 <p>
-  The <code>${TOPDIR}</code> directory holds:
+  The <code>$(TOPDIR)</code> directory holds:
 </p>
 <ul>
   <li>The top level <a href="#topmakefile"><code>Makefile</code></a> that controls the NuttX build.
@@ -1715,13 +1715,13 @@ The specific environmental definitions are unique for each board but should incl
   These additional steps include:
 </p>
 <ul>
-  <li>Auto-generating the file <code>include/nuttx/config.h</code> using the <code>${TOPDIR}/.config</code> file.</li>
-  <li>Auto-generating the file  <code>${TOPDIR}/.version</code> with version 0.0 if one does not exist.</li>
-  <li>Auto-generating the file <code>include/nuttx/version.h</code> using the <code>${TOPDIR}/.version</code> file.</li>
-  <li>Creating a link to <code>${TOPDIR}/arch/</code><i>&lt;arch-name&gt;</i><code>/include</code> at <code>${TOPDIR}/include/arch</code>.</li>
-  <li>Creating a link to <code>${TOPDIR}/boards/</code><i>&lt;arch-name&gt;</i><code>/</code><i>&lt;chip-name&gt;</i><code>/</code><i>&lt;board-name&gt;</i><code>/include</code> at <code>${TOPDIR}/include/arch/board</code>.</li>
-  <li>Creating a link to <code>${TOPDIR}/boards/</code><i>&lt;arch-name&gt;</i><code>/</code><i>&lt;chip-name&gt;</i><code>/</code><i>&lt;board-name&gt;</i><code>/src</code> at <code>${TOPDIR}/arch/</code><i>&lt;arch-name&gt;</i><code>/src/board</code></li>
-  <li>Creating a link to <code>${APPDIR}/include</code> at <code>${TOPDIR}/include/apps</code></li>
+  <li>Auto-generating the file <code>include/nuttx/config.h</code> using the <code>$(TOPDIR)/.config</code> file.</li>
+  <li>Auto-generating the file  <code>$(TOPDIR)/.version</code> with version 0.0 if one does not exist.</li>
+  <li>Auto-generating the file <code>include/nuttx/version.h</code> using the <code>$(TOPDIR)/.version</code> file.</li>
+  <li>Creating a link to <code>$(TOPDIR)/arch/</code><i>&lt;arch-name&gt;</i><code>/include</code> at <code>$(TOPDIR)/include/arch</code>.</li>
+  <li>Creating a link to <code>$(TOPDIR)/boards/</code><i>&lt;arch-name&gt;</i><code>/</code><i>&lt;chip-name&gt;</i><code>/</code><i>&lt;board-name&gt;</i><code>/include</code> at <code>$(TOPDIR)/include/arch/board</code>.</li>
+  <li>Creating a link to <code>$(TOPDIR)/boards/</code><i>&lt;arch-name&gt;</i><code>/</code><i>&lt;chip-name&gt;</i><code>/</code><i>&lt;board-name&gt;</i><code>/src</code> at <code>$(TOPDIR)/arch/</code><i>&lt;arch-name&gt;</i><code>/src/board</code></li>
+  <li>Creating a link to <code>${APPDIR}/include</code> at <code>$(TOPDIR)/include/apps</code></li>
   <li>Creating make dependencies.
 </ul>
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/a1x/pcduino-a10/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/a1x/pcduino-a10/scripts/Make.defs
index 7308e83a883..5ba5b53619c 100644
--- a/boards/arm/a1x/pcduino-a10/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/a1x/pcduino-a10/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-a$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-a$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = sdram.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/am335x/beaglebone-black/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/am335x/beaglebone-black/scripts/Make.defs
index 585c6e95c4e..c03ac255cba 100644
--- a/boards/arm/am335x/beaglebone-black/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/am335x/beaglebone-black/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-a/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-a/Toolchain.defs
 
 # Setup for the kind of memory that we are executing from
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/c5471/c5471evm/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/c5471/c5471evm/scripts/Make.defs
index 2d5422bb2ea..6bd76f4c9b3 100644
--- a/boards/arm/c5471/c5471evm/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/c5471/c5471evm/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/arm/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/arm/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/cxd56xx/spresense/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/cxd56xx/spresense/scripts/Make.defs
index f42f704191d..dcaac8f4dd4 100644
--- a/boards/arm/cxd56xx/spresense/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/cxd56xx/spresense/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/boards/arm/cxd56xx/spresense/scripts/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/boards/arm/cxd56xx/spresense/scripts/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 # Setup for the kind of memory that we are executing from
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/dm320/ntosd-dm320/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/dm320/ntosd-dm320/scripts/Make.defs
index a2db737b29d..f6cabd140ad 100644
--- a/boards/arm/dm320/ntosd-dm320/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/dm320/ntosd-dm320/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/arm/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/arm/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/efm32/efm32-g8xx-stk/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/efm32/efm32-g8xx-stk/scripts/Make.defs
index 351316f475d..7ed3f78e80e 100644
--- a/boards/arm/efm32/efm32-g8xx-stk/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/efm32/efm32-g8xx-stk/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
 
 LDSCRIPT = efm32-g8xx-stk.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/efm32/efm32gg-stk3700/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/efm32/efm32gg-stk3700/scripts/Make.defs
index 4a6c256d77e..6e75d97e22b 100644
--- a/boards/arm/efm32/efm32gg-stk3700/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/efm32/efm32gg-stk3700/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/efm32/olimex-efm32g880f128-stk/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/efm32/olimex-efm32g880f128-stk/scripts/Make.defs
index 723b12ed61f..44efd5badd4 100644
--- a/boards/arm/efm32/olimex-efm32g880f128-stk/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/efm32/olimex-efm32g880f128-stk/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/imx6/sabre-6quad/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/imx6/sabre-6quad/scripts/Make.defs
index 71523dea495..652083f0012 100644
--- a/boards/arm/imx6/sabre-6quad/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/imx6/sabre-6quad/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-a$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-a$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = dramboot.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/imxrt/imxrt1020-evk/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/imxrt/imxrt1020-evk/scripts/Make.defs
index 19a7cef0d45..d7390f27a6d 100644
--- a/boards/arm/imxrt/imxrt1020-evk/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/imxrt/imxrt1020-evk/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARMV7M_DTCM),y)
   LDSCRIPT = flash-dtcm.ld
diff --git a/boards/arm/imxrt/imxrt1050-evk/configs/knsh/Make.defs b/boards/arm/imxrt/imxrt1050-evk/configs/knsh/Make.defs
index 4d2700436e6..20b882b3d90 100644
--- a/boards/arm/imxrt/imxrt1050-evk/configs/knsh/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/imxrt/imxrt1050-evk/configs/knsh/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT1 = memory.ld
 LDSCRIPT2 = kernel-space.ld
diff --git a/boards/arm/imxrt/imxrt1050-evk/configs/libcxxtest/Make.defs b/boards/arm/imxrt/imxrt1050-evk/configs/libcxxtest/Make.defs
index 5e71d56c4b9..5268fed7ad5 100644
--- a/boards/arm/imxrt/imxrt1050-evk/configs/libcxxtest/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/imxrt/imxrt1050-evk/configs/libcxxtest/Make.defs
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 CC = $(CROSSDEV)gcc
 CXX = $(CROSSDEV)g++
diff --git a/boards/arm/imxrt/imxrt1050-evk/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/imxrt/imxrt1050-evk/scripts/Make.defs
index 55d6ddb90e9..fc1205f468e 100644
--- a/boards/arm/imxrt/imxrt1050-evk/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/imxrt/imxrt1050-evk/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARMV7M_DTCM),y)
   LDSCRIPT = flash-dtcm.ld
diff --git a/boards/arm/imxrt/imxrt1060-evk/configs/knsh/Make.defs b/boards/arm/imxrt/imxrt1060-evk/configs/knsh/Make.defs
index 0b11ad3ff0c..63cda75591f 100644
--- a/boards/arm/imxrt/imxrt1060-evk/configs/knsh/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/imxrt/imxrt1060-evk/configs/knsh/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT1 = memory.ld
 LDSCRIPT2 = kernel-space.ld
diff --git a/boards/arm/imxrt/imxrt1060-evk/configs/libcxxtest/Make.defs b/boards/arm/imxrt/imxrt1060-evk/configs/libcxxtest/Make.defs
index fe04d15a754..c62604ac2df 100644
--- a/boards/arm/imxrt/imxrt1060-evk/configs/libcxxtest/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/imxrt/imxrt1060-evk/configs/libcxxtest/Make.defs
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 CC = $(CROSSDEV)gcc
 CXX = $(CROSSDEV)g++
diff --git a/boards/arm/imxrt/imxrt1060-evk/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/imxrt/imxrt1060-evk/scripts/Make.defs
index 2f3dbe98a37..b31cd5dd2f9 100644
--- a/boards/arm/imxrt/imxrt1060-evk/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/imxrt/imxrt1060-evk/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_BOOT_RUNFROMFLASH),y)
   LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
diff --git a/boards/arm/kinetis/freedom-k28f/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/kinetis/freedom-k28f/scripts/Make.defs
index a76ac9c76c7..60d1c2e1f0b 100644
--- a/boards/arm/kinetis/freedom-k28f/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/kinetis/freedom-k28f/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/kinetis/freedom-k64f/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/kinetis/freedom-k64f/scripts/Make.defs
index f55d5818f5b..fd5c5f5a281 100644
--- a/boards/arm/kinetis/freedom-k64f/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/kinetis/freedom-k64f/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/kinetis/freedom-k66f/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/kinetis/freedom-k66f/scripts/Make.defs
index e7ea7f98127..0850c6b4fa8 100644
--- a/boards/arm/kinetis/freedom-k66f/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/kinetis/freedom-k66f/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/kinetis/kwikstik-k40/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/kinetis/kwikstik-k40/scripts/Make.defs
index 06819a624d1..574c72c4f1d 100644
--- a/boards/arm/kinetis/kwikstik-k40/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/kinetis/kwikstik-k40/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/kinetis/teensy-3.x/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/kinetis/teensy-3.x/scripts/Make.defs
index ebc27b44dec..b7200c7d043 100644
--- a/boards/arm/kinetis/teensy-3.x/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/kinetis/teensy-3.x/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_CHIP_MK20DX256VLH7),y)
   LDSCRIPT = mk20dx256vlh7.ld
diff --git a/boards/arm/kinetis/twr-k60n512/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/kinetis/twr-k60n512/scripts/Make.defs
index 03ef9d94c3b..08d92d53bb1 100644
--- a/boards/arm/kinetis/twr-k60n512/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/kinetis/twr-k60n512/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/kinetis/twr-k64f120m/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/kinetis/twr-k64f120m/scripts/Make.defs
index a296498e0d3..72a717fbe2a 100644
--- a/boards/arm/kinetis/twr-k64f120m/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/kinetis/twr-k64f120m/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/kl/freedom-kl25z/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/kl/freedom-kl25z/scripts/Make.defs
index cde46e9471b..e60ec908cd4 100644
--- a/boards/arm/kl/freedom-kl25z/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/kl/freedom-kl25z/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = freedom-kl25z.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/kl/freedom-kl26z/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/kl/freedom-kl26z/scripts/Make.defs
index 5805f5185d1..1def3af1598 100644
--- a/boards/arm/kl/freedom-kl26z/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/kl/freedom-kl26z/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = freedom-kl26z.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/kl/teensy-lc/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/kl/teensy-lc/scripts/Make.defs
index 28515649fa5..2c82ad3189d 100644
--- a/boards/arm/kl/teensy-lc/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/kl/teensy-lc/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = teensy-lc.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/lc823450/lc823450-xgevk/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lc823450/lc823450-xgevk/scripts/Make.defs
index 03ea930a495..06a2590bd7b 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lc823450/lc823450-xgevk/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lc823450/lc823450-xgevk/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_LC823450_IPL2),y)
   LDSCRIPT = ld-ipl2.script
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lincoln60/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lincoln60/scripts/Make.defs
index 178f95b2c95..a05cee3628b 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lincoln60/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lincoln60/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lpc4088-devkit/configs/knsh/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lpc4088-devkit/configs/knsh/Make.defs
index 3c6a2c8b804..4f91d7746a3 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lpc4088-devkit/configs/knsh/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lpc4088-devkit/configs/knsh/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-m$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-m$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lpc4088-devkit/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lpc4088-devkit/scripts/Make.defs
index c7f0964bc74..1574dbaa97a 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lpc4088-devkit/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lpc4088-devkit/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-m$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-m$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lpc4088-quickstart/configs/knsh/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lpc4088-quickstart/configs/knsh/Make.defs
index 67080148746..7855a20fc5e 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lpc4088-quickstart/configs/knsh/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lpc4088-quickstart/configs/knsh/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-m$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-m$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lpc4088-quickstart/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lpc4088-quickstart/scripts/Make.defs
index 9ed09a5ce1b..91262d6d884 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lpc4088-quickstart/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lpc4088-quickstart/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-m$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-m$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lpcxpresso-lpc1768/configs/thttpd/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lpcxpresso-lpc1768/configs/thttpd/Make.defs
index b0469db4345..c21313ed9da 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lpcxpresso-lpc1768/configs/thttpd/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lpcxpresso-lpc1768/configs/thttpd/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lpcxpresso-lpc1768/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lpcxpresso-lpc1768/scripts/Make.defs
index e2f16bf9ab7..0b369f5bf7a 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lpcxpresso-lpc1768/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lpcxpresso-lpc1768/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lx_cpu/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lx_cpu/scripts/Make.defs
index ec0a7900134..a49328666c5 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lx_cpu/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/lx_cpu/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-m$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-m$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
 
 # Setup for the kind of memory that we are executing from
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/mbed/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/mbed/scripts/Make.defs
index 0e21a52826e..4036c22b0e9 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/mbed/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/mbed/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/mcb1700/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/mcb1700/scripts/Make.defs
index d1b9b180961..fb3e9e6a7f1 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/mcb1700/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/mcb1700/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/olimex-lpc1766stk/configs/thttpd-binfs/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/olimex-lpc1766stk/configs/thttpd-binfs/Make.defs
index 4cd2556d31f..21c65200d25 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/olimex-lpc1766stk/configs/thttpd-binfs/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/olimex-lpc1766stk/configs/thttpd-binfs/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/olimex-lpc1766stk/configs/thttpd-nxflat/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/olimex-lpc1766stk/configs/thttpd-nxflat/Make.defs
index 58a058f8195..90189b3651f 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/olimex-lpc1766stk/configs/thttpd-nxflat/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/olimex-lpc1766stk/configs/thttpd-nxflat/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/olimex-lpc1766stk/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/olimex-lpc1766stk/scripts/Make.defs
index 3c91ba87e6f..cfb7d12c0d1 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/olimex-lpc1766stk/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/olimex-lpc1766stk/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/open1788/configs/knsh/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/open1788/configs/knsh/Make.defs
index 6ce1d340c42..9e4b0297330 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/open1788/configs/knsh/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/open1788/configs/knsh/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-m$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-m$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/open1788/configs/knxterm/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/open1788/configs/knxterm/Make.defs
index 650c07a29d9..69f2022a057 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/open1788/configs/knxterm/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/open1788/configs/knxterm/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-m$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-m$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/open1788/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/open1788/scripts/Make.defs
index bd05f0fda2f..acb4b916e33 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/open1788/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/open1788/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-m$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-m$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/pnev5180b/configs/knsh/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/pnev5180b/configs/knsh/Make.defs
index 3bac263ba96..868b3f292b2 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/pnev5180b/configs/knsh/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/pnev5180b/configs/knsh/Make.defs
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-m$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-m$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/pnev5180b/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/pnev5180b/scripts/Make.defs
index 7301535ebfd..354b89e36fd 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/pnev5180b/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/pnev5180b/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-m$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-m$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/u-blox-c027/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/u-blox-c027/scripts/Make.defs
index 77f8967eaab..f6ee9b843de 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/u-blox-c027/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/u-blox-c027/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/zkit-arm-1769/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/zkit-arm-1769/scripts/Make.defs
index 6b26f75505c..92c1764b102 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/zkit-arm-1769/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc17xx_40xx/zkit-arm-1769/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc214x/mcu123-lpc214x/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc214x/mcu123-lpc214x/scripts/Make.defs
index dc11acbe648..64171722d7a 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc214x/mcu123-lpc214x/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc214x/mcu123-lpc214x/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ##############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/arm/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/arm/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc214x/zp214xpa/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc214x/zp214xpa/scripts/Make.defs
index 27545aad2d9..79a399afc54 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc214x/zp214xpa/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc214x/zp214xpa/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ##############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/arm/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/arm/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc2378/olimex-lpc2378/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc2378/olimex-lpc2378/scripts/Make.defs
index 95d62cb39ec..e537ac72160 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc2378/olimex-lpc2378/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc2378/olimex-lpc2378/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@
 #
 ##############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/arm/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/arm/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc31xx/ea3131/configs/pgnsh/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc31xx/ea3131/configs/pgnsh/Make.defs
index fc9946ca6f1..94060a79de7 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc31xx/ea3131/configs/pgnsh/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc31xx/ea3131/configs/pgnsh/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/arm/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/arm/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc31xx/ea3131/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc31xx/ea3131/scripts/Make.defs
index e5d92e6e490..4e3e3238903 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc31xx/ea3131/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc31xx/ea3131/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/arm/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/arm/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc31xx/ea3152/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc31xx/ea3152/scripts/Make.defs
index 70dba0591b3..78f4de33572 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc31xx/ea3152/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc31xx/ea3152/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/arm/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/arm/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc31xx/olimex-lpc-h3131/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc31xx/olimex-lpc-h3131/scripts/Make.defs
index 7af3e43a3b4..a7f9b295ce3 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc31xx/olimex-lpc-h3131/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc31xx/olimex-lpc-h3131/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/arm/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/arm/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc43xx/bambino-200e/configs/netnsh/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc43xx/bambino-200e/configs/netnsh/Make.defs
index 6287a0c727c..8b07febc9a8 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc43xx/bambino-200e/configs/netnsh/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc43xx/bambino-200e/configs/netnsh/Make.defs
@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 # Setup for the kind of memory that we are executing from
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc43xx/bambino-200e/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc43xx/bambino-200e/scripts/Make.defs
index bb04def138e..6ab0f360082 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc43xx/bambino-200e/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc43xx/bambino-200e/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 # Setup for the kind of memory that we are executing from
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc43xx/lpc4330-xplorer/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc43xx/lpc4330-xplorer/scripts/Make.defs
index 5e0c213797b..9815d14ad66 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc43xx/lpc4330-xplorer/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc43xx/lpc4330-xplorer/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 # Setup for the kind of memory that we are executing from
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc43xx/lpc4337-ws/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc43xx/lpc4337-ws/scripts/Make.defs
index b30b13ee224..9c32d71b64b 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc43xx/lpc4337-ws/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc43xx/lpc4337-ws/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 # Setup for the kind of memory that we are executing from
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc43xx/lpc4357-evb/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc43xx/lpc4357-evb/scripts/Make.defs
index 167458f03d6..25da12c5742 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc43xx/lpc4357-evb/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc43xx/lpc4357-evb/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 # Setup for the kind of memory that we are executing from
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc43xx/lpc4370-link2/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc43xx/lpc4370-link2/scripts/Make.defs
index 9c679c5e3bf..236b55dcd84 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc43xx/lpc4370-link2/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc43xx/lpc4370-link2/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 # Setup for the kind of memory that we are executing from
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/lpc54xx/lpcxpresso-lpc54628/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/lpc54xx/lpcxpresso-lpc54628/scripts/Make.defs
index 762658264df..9bf68ee8ae7 100644
--- a/boards/arm/lpc54xx/lpcxpresso-lpc54628/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/lpc54xx/lpcxpresso-lpc54628/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 # Setup for the kind of memory that we are executing from
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/max326xx/max32660-evsys/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/max326xx/max32660-evsys/scripts/Make.defs
index 5d567a092c1..436a05a05c3 100644
--- a/boards/arm/max326xx/max32660-evsys/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/max326xx/max32660-evsys/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_BOOT_RUNFROMFLASH),y)
 LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
diff --git a/boards/arm/moxart/moxa/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/moxart/moxa/scripts/Make.defs
index 456e8085f4c..1642be1be8a 100644
--- a/boards/arm/moxart/moxa/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/moxart/moxa/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/nrf52/nrf52-feather/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/nrf52/nrf52-feather/scripts/Make.defs
index 3b58832d8a5..8977eeeef9f 100644
--- a/boards/arm/nrf52/nrf52-feather/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/nrf52/nrf52-feather/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = flash_config.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/nrf52/nrf52832-dk/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/nrf52/nrf52832-dk/scripts/Make.defs
index 0a37e060aaa..74a6b029481 100644
--- a/boards/arm/nrf52/nrf52832-dk/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/nrf52/nrf52832-dk/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = flash_config.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/nrf52/nrf52840-dk/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/nrf52/nrf52840-dk/scripts/Make.defs
index c4e68fdf474..036ae8b2814 100644
--- a/boards/arm/nrf52/nrf52840-dk/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/nrf52/nrf52840-dk/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = flash_config.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/nrf52/nrf52840-dongle/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/nrf52/nrf52840-dongle/scripts/Make.defs
index d9827b2b669..506354b1884 100644
--- a/boards/arm/nrf52/nrf52840-dongle/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/nrf52/nrf52840-dongle/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = flash_config.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/nuc1xx/nutiny-nuc120/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/nuc1xx/nutiny-nuc120/scripts/Make.defs
index 8da9f771c37..ae3690876ab 100644
--- a/boards/arm/nuc1xx/nutiny-nuc120/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/nuc1xx/nutiny-nuc120/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = nutiny-nuc120.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/s32k1xx/rddrone-uavcan144/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/s32k1xx/rddrone-uavcan144/scripts/Make.defs
index c9ca5431b97..aa8d84f68e2 100644
--- a/boards/arm/s32k1xx/rddrone-uavcan144/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/s32k1xx/rddrone-uavcan144/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_BOOT_RUNFROMFLASH),y)
  LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
diff --git a/boards/arm/s32k1xx/rddrone-uavcan146/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/s32k1xx/rddrone-uavcan146/scripts/Make.defs
index b0dbaefe86a..93494923a8f 100644
--- a/boards/arm/s32k1xx/rddrone-uavcan146/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/s32k1xx/rddrone-uavcan146/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_BOOT_RUNFROMFLASH),y)
  LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
diff --git a/boards/arm/s32k1xx/s32k118evb/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/s32k1xx/s32k118evb/scripts/Make.defs
index 526715c61aa..ad9e618580a 100644
--- a/boards/arm/s32k1xx/s32k118evb/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/s32k1xx/s32k118evb/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/s32k1xx/s32k144evb/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/s32k1xx/s32k144evb/scripts/Make.defs
index 31959e989b2..6d183cd6a06 100644
--- a/boards/arm/s32k1xx/s32k144evb/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/s32k1xx/s32k144evb/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_BOOT_RUNFROMFLASH),y)
  LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
diff --git a/boards/arm/s32k1xx/s32k146evb/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/s32k1xx/s32k146evb/scripts/Make.defs
index 4a04ebbbc96..bc41eb730f3 100644
--- a/boards/arm/s32k1xx/s32k146evb/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/s32k1xx/s32k146evb/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_BOOT_RUNFROMFLASH),y)
  LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
diff --git a/boards/arm/s32k1xx/s32k148evb/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/s32k1xx/s32k148evb/scripts/Make.defs
index f0eb1e3c312..ba5af33b90e 100644
--- a/boards/arm/s32k1xx/s32k148evb/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/s32k1xx/s32k148evb/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_BOOT_RUNFROMFLASH),y)
  LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
diff --git a/boards/arm/sam34/arduino-due/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/sam34/arduino-due/scripts/Make.defs
index c08f6cc2c62..eb336f65e1c 100644
--- a/boards/arm/sam34/arduino-due/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/sam34/arduino-due/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/sam34/flipnclick-sam3x/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/sam34/flipnclick-sam3x/scripts/Make.defs
index 3b80de73e18..3c6639dfc00 100644
--- a/boards/arm/sam34/flipnclick-sam3x/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/sam34/flipnclick-sam3x/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/sam34/sam3u-ek/configs/knsh/Make.defs b/boards/arm/sam34/sam3u-ek/configs/knsh/Make.defs
index 94ccc694226..33baf5bf011 100644
--- a/boards/arm/sam34/sam3u-ek/configs/knsh/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/sam34/sam3u-ek/configs/knsh/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-m$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-m$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/sam34/sam3u-ek/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/sam34/sam3u-ek/scripts/Make.defs
index 378067a00e6..6b0d48dad19 100644
--- a/boards/arm/sam34/sam3u-ek/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/sam34/sam3u-ek/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/sam34/sam4cmp-db/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/sam34/sam4cmp-db/scripts/Make.defs
index 09cda86312d..76ec4de2739 100644
--- a/boards/arm/sam34/sam4cmp-db/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/sam34/sam4cmp-db/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/sam34/sam4e-ek/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/sam34/sam4e-ek/scripts/Make.defs
index 4aa01966fed..a812d2677c0 100644
--- a/boards/arm/sam34/sam4e-ek/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/sam34/sam4e-ek/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/sam34/sam4l-xplained/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/sam34/sam4l-xplained/scripts/Make.defs
index 0f7d007ed70..11688505554 100644
--- a/boards/arm/sam34/sam4l-xplained/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/sam34/sam4l-xplained/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/sam34/sam4s-xplained-pro/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/sam34/sam4s-xplained-pro/scripts/Make.defs
index 2d6f123fc72..a5296860214 100644
--- a/boards/arm/sam34/sam4s-xplained-pro/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/sam34/sam4s-xplained-pro/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/sam34/sam4s-xplained/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/sam34/sam4s-xplained/scripts/Make.defs
index d90e84fe367..f78d20e760f 100644
--- a/boards/arm/sam34/sam4s-xplained/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/sam34/sam4s-xplained/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/sama5/sama5d2-xult/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/sama5/sama5d2-xult/scripts/Make.defs
index d4c8ff9c4ae..b73d9106aba 100644
--- a/boards/arm/sama5/sama5d2-xult/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/sama5/sama5d2-xult/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-a$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-a$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_SAMA5_BOOT_ISRAM),y)
   LDSCRIPT = isram.ld
diff --git a/boards/arm/sama5/sama5d3-xplained/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/sama5/sama5d3-xplained/scripts/Make.defs
index 33a7a3f4bd3..db6ba4d6bfc 100644
--- a/boards/arm/sama5/sama5d3-xplained/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/sama5/sama5d3-xplained/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-a$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-a$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_SAMA5_BOOT_ISRAM),y)
   LDSCRIPT = isram.ld
diff --git a/boards/arm/sama5/sama5d3x-ek/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/sama5/sama5d3x-ek/scripts/Make.defs
index dc5a4ec14c7..16586619f8c 100644
--- a/boards/arm/sama5/sama5d3x-ek/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/sama5/sama5d3x-ek/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-a$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-a$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_SAMA5_BOOT_ISRAM),y)
   LDSCRIPT = isram.ld
diff --git a/boards/arm/sama5/sama5d4-ek/configs/knsh/Make.defs b/boards/arm/sama5/sama5d4-ek/configs/knsh/Make.defs
index 2bf9c633886..c46f62efeea 100644
--- a/boards/arm/sama5/sama5d4-ek/configs/knsh/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/sama5/sama5d4-ek/configs/knsh/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-a$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-a$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_SAMA5_BOOT_ISRAM),y)
   LDSCRIPT = isram.ld
diff --git a/boards/arm/sama5/sama5d4-ek/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/sama5/sama5d4-ek/scripts/Make.defs
index 996a3c3f91a..6d365313802 100644
--- a/boards/arm/sama5/sama5d4-ek/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/sama5/sama5d4-ek/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-a$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-a$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_SAMA5_BOOT_ISRAM),y)
   LDSCRIPT = isram.ld
diff --git a/boards/arm/samd2l2/arduino-m0/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/samd2l2/arduino-m0/scripts/Make.defs
index fd07424b3d7..aff468ff9d3 100644
--- a/boards/arm/samd2l2/arduino-m0/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/samd2l2/arduino-m0/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/samd2l2/samd20-xplained/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/samd2l2/samd20-xplained/scripts/Make.defs
index dba5975d759..dcad39e49b8 100644
--- a/boards/arm/samd2l2/samd20-xplained/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/samd2l2/samd20-xplained/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/samd2l2/samd21-xplained/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/samd2l2/samd21-xplained/scripts/Make.defs
index c5202f6608a..1cd2c787ccf 100644
--- a/boards/arm/samd2l2/samd21-xplained/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/samd2l2/samd21-xplained/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/samd2l2/saml21-xplained/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/samd2l2/saml21-xplained/scripts/Make.defs
index d71677f4105..d722a675ee7 100644
--- a/boards/arm/samd2l2/saml21-xplained/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/samd2l2/saml21-xplained/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/samd5e5/metro-m4/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/samd5e5/metro-m4/scripts/Make.defs
index 145430c70c5..d4eac0104b8 100644
--- a/boards/arm/samd5e5/metro-m4/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/samd5e5/metro-m4/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_METRO_M4_RUNFROMFLASH),y)
   LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
diff --git a/boards/arm/samd5e5/same54-xplained-pro/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/samd5e5/same54-xplained-pro/scripts/Make.defs
index 86fcccdb894..7f601e6ac68 100644
--- a/boards/arm/samd5e5/same54-xplained-pro/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/samd5e5/same54-xplained-pro/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_SAME54_XPLAINED_PRO_RUNFROMFLASH),y)
   LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
diff --git a/boards/arm/samv7/same70-xplained/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/samv7/same70-xplained/scripts/Make.defs
index 2ab38ab989a..c8130c3a876 100644
--- a/boards/arm/samv7/same70-xplained/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/samv7/same70-xplained/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARMV7M_DTCM),y)
   LDSCRIPT = flash-dtcm.ld
diff --git a/boards/arm/samv7/samv71-xult/configs/knsh/Make.defs b/boards/arm/samv7/samv71-xult/configs/knsh/Make.defs
index d1745b5024a..e68ac40cf03 100644
--- a/boards/arm/samv7/samv71-xult/configs/knsh/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/samv7/samv71-xult/configs/knsh/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT1 = memory.ld
 LDSCRIPT2 = kernel-space.ld
diff --git a/boards/arm/samv7/samv71-xult/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/samv7/samv71-xult/scripts/Make.defs
index 227366b84af..70e75ef7469 100644
--- a/boards/arm/samv7/samv71-xult/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/samv7/samv71-xult/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARMV7M_DTCM),y)
   LDSCRIPT = flash-dtcm.ld
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/axoloti/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/axoloti/scripts/Make.defs
index 2797a2bb335..1ee986889d3 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/axoloti/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/axoloti/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/clicker2-stm32/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/clicker2-stm32/scripts/Make.defs
index 7f8e870296e..5c74c2ad0a0 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/clicker2-stm32/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/clicker2-stm32/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/cloudctrl/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/cloudctrl/scripts/Make.defs
index bb67da003c0..5c493665297 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/cloudctrl/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/cloudctrl/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 # Pick the linker script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/fire-stm32v2/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/fire-stm32v2/scripts/Make.defs
index b0c5a5db309..04922cd591e 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/fire-stm32v2/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/fire-stm32v2/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 # Pick the linker script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/hymini-stm32v/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/hymini-stm32v/scripts/Make.defs
index 70c43f8f534..23346931dd1 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/hymini-stm32v/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/hymini-stm32v/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_STM32_DFU),y)
   LDSCRIPT = ld.script.dfu
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/maple/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/maple/scripts/Make.defs
index 3590827352b..8e5595667f3 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/maple/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/maple/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_STM32_DFU),y)
   LDSCRIPT = ld.script.dfu
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/mikroe-stm32f4/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/mikroe-stm32f4/scripts/Make.defs
index 62c9894bfcd..451b84ca8ee 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/mikroe-stm32f4/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/mikroe-stm32f4/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f103rb/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f103rb/scripts/Make.defs
index b077cf8fb42..575db6b548f 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f103rb/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f103rb/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f207zg/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f207zg/scripts/Make.defs
index a009e1f0ce9..a6cf9738016 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f207zg/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f207zg/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f302r8/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f302r8/scripts/Make.defs
index 2ef29cb3d55..970cbbe5570 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f302r8/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f302r8/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f303re/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f303re/scripts/Make.defs
index adaa73bbd84..fce7024ccfd 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f303re/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f303re/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f303ze/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f303ze/scripts/Make.defs
index 27c2b12103f..fa70745cd75 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f303ze/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f303ze/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f334r8/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f334r8/scripts/Make.defs
index 9cbe9d52a3f..95433d3d9ba 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f334r8/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f334r8/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f410rb/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f410rb/scripts/Make.defs
index 36b5c862f55..f877ae1896d 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f410rb/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f410rb/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = f410rb.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f429zi/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f429zi/scripts/Make.defs
index 33eb7ae0126..be42265327a 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f429zi/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f429zi/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f446re/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f446re/scripts/Make.defs
index 20716feb37a..578a793a4e3 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f446re/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f446re/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = f446re.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f4x1re/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f4x1re/scripts/Make.defs
index 0cc9eced7c9..22b8e9d9538 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f4x1re/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-f4x1re/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_CHIP_STM32F401RE),y)
 LDSCRIPT = f401re.ld
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-l152re/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-l152re/scripts/Make.defs
index 0251c94eedf..c445c4a7b03 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-l152re/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/nucleo-l152re/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-e407/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-e407/scripts/Make.defs
index 7f16dd44d3a..37379246c5d 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-e407/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-e407/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_CHIP_STM32F407ZE),y)
 LDSCRIPT = f407ze.ld
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-h405/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-h405/scripts/Make.defs
index 61b73151e4c..e8afc8778bd 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-h405/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-h405/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-h407/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-h407/scripts/Make.defs
index ce127fd64fc..5d87890abb1 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-h407/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-h407/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-p107/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-p107/scripts/Make.defs
index 4e889195301..ee09e176445 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-p107/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-p107/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_STM32_DFU),y)
   LDSCRIPT = ld.script.dfu
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-p207/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-p207/scripts/Make.defs
index 4582ebc2aaa..e418bd26122 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-p207/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-p207/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-p407/configs/kelf/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-p407/configs/kelf/Make.defs
index 47da3f34a5e..118e505b306 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-p407/configs/kelf/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-p407/configs/kelf/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-m$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-m$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-p407/configs/kmodule/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-p407/configs/kmodule/Make.defs
index 9eab8c89d7f..50a7bee4c04 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-p407/configs/kmodule/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-p407/configs/kmodule/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-m$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-m$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-p407/configs/knsh/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-p407/configs/knsh/Make.defs
index 925f1863dbf..761a47d5f2d 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-p407/configs/knsh/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-p407/configs/knsh/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT1 = memory.ld
 LDSCRIPT2 = kernel-space.ld
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-p407/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-p407/scripts/Make.defs
index b6d761e34f7..a73610fe937 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-p407/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/olimex-stm32-p407/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/olimexino-stm32/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/olimexino-stm32/scripts/Make.defs
index 7c1ddb94a97..b6ac6b47c16 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/olimexino-stm32/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/olimexino-stm32/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_STM32_DFU),y)
   LDSCRIPT = ld.script.dfu
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/omnibusf4/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/omnibusf4/scripts/Make.defs
index 35dd53e3620..b1a72c42830 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/omnibusf4/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/omnibusf4/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/photon/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/photon/scripts/Make.defs
index 30358cb4a6f..518034c76ce 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/photon/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/photon/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_PHOTON_DFU_BOOTLOADER),y)
 LDSCRIPT = photon_dfu.ld
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/shenzhou/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/shenzhou/scripts/Make.defs
index 1b11a25980c..eca278cab53 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/shenzhou/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/shenzhou/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 # Pick the linker script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/stm3210e-eval/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/stm3210e-eval/scripts/Make.defs
index 5b396705d56..5627da38474 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/stm3210e-eval/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/stm3210e-eval/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_STM32_DFU),y)
   LDSCRIPT = ld.script.dfu
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/stm3220g-eval/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/stm3220g-eval/scripts/Make.defs
index 86a83da95c1..7137ac77943 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/stm3220g-eval/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/stm3220g-eval/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/stm3240g-eval/configs/knxwm/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/stm3240g-eval/configs/knxwm/Make.defs
index 56b2f765319..b4ca53d770d 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/stm3240g-eval/configs/knxwm/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/stm3240g-eval/configs/knxwm/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/stm3240g-eval/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/stm3240g-eval/scripts/Make.defs
index 774205c5519..d50b239524f 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/stm3240g-eval/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/stm3240g-eval/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/stm32_tiny/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/stm32_tiny/scripts/Make.defs
index 5f688ca72c4..842a8864629 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/stm32_tiny/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/stm32_tiny/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/stm32butterfly2/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/stm32butterfly2/scripts/Make.defs
index f4a3483a6e7..43abbb0b3af 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/stm32butterfly2/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/stm32butterfly2/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_STM32_DFU),y)
   LDSCRIPT = dfu.ld
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f103-minimum/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f103-minimum/scripts/Make.defs
index 2bd70429769..5aba4d07714 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f103-minimum/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f103-minimum/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_STM32_DFU),y)
   LDSCRIPT = ld.script.dfu
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f334-disco/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f334-disco/scripts/Make.defs
index f03d556f731..df43057a224 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f334-disco/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f334-disco/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f3discovery/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f3discovery/scripts/Make.defs
index ddae059c643..18547858e73 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f3discovery/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f3discovery/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f411e-disco/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f411e-disco/scripts/Make.defs
index 3453006fa14..d9614dcf3b5 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f411e-disco/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f411e-disco/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = f411ve.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f429i-disco/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f429i-disco/scripts/Make.defs
index b88ed5619c2..ddded8d3897 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f429i-disco/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f429i-disco/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f4discovery/configs/cxxtest/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f4discovery/configs/cxxtest/Make.defs
index abd8ac1a62e..23591e43616 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f4discovery/configs/cxxtest/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f4discovery/configs/cxxtest/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 CC = $(CROSSDEV)gcc
 CXX = $(CROSSDEV)g++
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f4discovery/configs/elf/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f4discovery/configs/elf/Make.defs
index 6e29f62ecf4..22f761c9e13 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f4discovery/configs/elf/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f4discovery/configs/elf/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f4discovery/configs/posix_spawn/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f4discovery/configs/posix_spawn/Make.defs
index db263ef85b4..380364d1efb 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f4discovery/configs/posix_spawn/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f4discovery/configs/posix_spawn/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f4discovery/configs/testlibcxx/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f4discovery/configs/testlibcxx/Make.defs
index f89f5c0ed85..bbb06c5c353 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f4discovery/configs/testlibcxx/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f4discovery/configs/testlibcxx/Make.defs
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 CC = $(CROSSDEV)gcc
 CXX = $(CROSSDEV)g++
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f4discovery/configs/winbuild/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f4discovery/configs/winbuild/Make.defs
index de0a4510a4d..aec241cba8c 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f4discovery/configs/winbuild/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f4discovery/configs/winbuild/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}\.config
-include ${TOPDIR}\tools\Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}\arch\arm\src\armv7-m\Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)\.config
+include $(TOPDIR)\tools\Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)\arch\arm\src\armv7-m\Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f4discovery/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f4discovery/scripts/Make.defs
index d713cc21628..aa4fe33f98c 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f4discovery/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/stm32f4discovery/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/stm32ldiscovery/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/stm32ldiscovery/scripts/Make.defs
index 2b5cb8fb8dd..3469ba36491 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/stm32ldiscovery/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/stm32ldiscovery/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_CHIP_STM32L152RB),y)
   LDSCRIPT = stm32l152rb.ld
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/stm32vldiscovery/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/stm32vldiscovery/scripts/Make.defs
index d961c365001..e7dfd3dca57 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/stm32vldiscovery/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/stm32vldiscovery/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = stm32vldiscovery.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32/viewtool-stm32f107/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32/viewtool-stm32f107/scripts/Make.defs
index 5bc2f09fb6e..52ae7932344 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32/viewtool-stm32f107/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32/viewtool-stm32f107/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_STM32_DFU),y)
   LDSCRIPT = dfu.ld
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32f0l0g0/b-l072z-lrwan1/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32f0l0g0/b-l072z-lrwan1/scripts/Make.defs
index 1432386614d..25a16e1ab85 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32f0l0g0/b-l072z-lrwan1/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32f0l0g0/b-l072z-lrwan1/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32f0l0g0/nucleo-f072rb/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32f0l0g0/nucleo-f072rb/scripts/Make.defs
index 20702850572..eb173b20b57 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32f0l0g0/nucleo-f072rb/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32f0l0g0/nucleo-f072rb/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32f0l0g0/nucleo-f091rc/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32f0l0g0/nucleo-f091rc/scripts/Make.defs
index ea73307ebdd..599031cd9b2 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32f0l0g0/nucleo-f091rc/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32f0l0g0/nucleo-f091rc/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32f0l0g0/nucleo-g070rb/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32f0l0g0/nucleo-g070rb/scripts/Make.defs
index a6cdc6484f0..6cdc7a3eb33 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32f0l0g0/nucleo-g070rb/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32f0l0g0/nucleo-g070rb/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32f0l0g0/nucleo-g071rb/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32f0l0g0/nucleo-g071rb/scripts/Make.defs
index 3b3d5555679..5a2898a8b54 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32f0l0g0/nucleo-g071rb/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32f0l0g0/nucleo-g071rb/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32f0l0g0/nucleo-l073rz/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32f0l0g0/nucleo-l073rz/scripts/Make.defs
index 2f67ba78866..49be689600c 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32f0l0g0/nucleo-l073rz/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32f0l0g0/nucleo-l073rz/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32f0l0g0/stm32f051-discovery/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32f0l0g0/stm32f051-discovery/scripts/Make.defs
index 3575c6a20ca..2a0f1c675c6 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32f0l0g0/stm32f051-discovery/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32f0l0g0/stm32f051-discovery/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32f0l0g0/stm32f072-discovery/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32f0l0g0/stm32f072-discovery/scripts/Make.defs
index 9b9a547e11e..81d0c9aac10 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32f0l0g0/stm32f072-discovery/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32f0l0g0/stm32f072-discovery/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv6-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32f7/nucleo-144/configs/f722-nsh/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32f7/nucleo-144/configs/f722-nsh/Make.defs
index c3b188e238d..7f842d9fa2a 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32f7/nucleo-144/configs/f722-nsh/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32f7/nucleo-144/configs/f722-nsh/Make.defs
@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@
 # bf20171114 Added support for nucleo-144 stm32f72ze
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = f722-flash.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32f7/nucleo-144/configs/f746-evalos/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32f7/nucleo-144/configs/f746-evalos/Make.defs
index 9ea762f242b..fc60333ac88 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32f7/nucleo-144/configs/f746-evalos/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32f7/nucleo-144/configs/f746-evalos/Make.defs
@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = f746-flash.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32f7/nucleo-144/configs/f746-nsh/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32f7/nucleo-144/configs/f746-nsh/Make.defs
index eb54cc704cf..4b66884a215 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32f7/nucleo-144/configs/f746-nsh/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32f7/nucleo-144/configs/f746-nsh/Make.defs
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = f746-flash.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32f7/nucleo-144/configs/f767-evalos/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32f7/nucleo-144/configs/f767-evalos/Make.defs
index 0015f28a168..b654821dfab 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32f7/nucleo-144/configs/f767-evalos/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32f7/nucleo-144/configs/f767-evalos/Make.defs
@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = f767-flash.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32f7/nucleo-144/configs/f767-netnsh/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32f7/nucleo-144/configs/f767-netnsh/Make.defs
index 4ba745d8bac..034ff667bea 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32f7/nucleo-144/configs/f767-netnsh/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32f7/nucleo-144/configs/f767-netnsh/Make.defs
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = f767-flash.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32f7/nucleo-144/configs/f767-nsh/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32f7/nucleo-144/configs/f767-nsh/Make.defs
index ff18e4174ce..0b44ff652cf 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32f7/nucleo-144/configs/f767-nsh/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32f7/nucleo-144/configs/f767-nsh/Make.defs
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = f767-flash.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32f7/stm32f746-ws/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32f7/stm32f746-ws/scripts/Make.defs
index 842a1496b53..e912ee1fc34 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32f7/stm32f746-ws/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32f7/stm32f746-ws/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32f7/stm32f746g-disco/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32f7/stm32f746g-disco/scripts/Make.defs
index 384175a1d22..5e138f7fe89 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32f7/stm32f746g-disco/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32f7/stm32f746g-disco/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32f7/stm32f769i-disco/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32f7/stm32f769i-disco/scripts/Make.defs
index 403dedc6850..191fa99e189 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32f7/stm32f769i-disco/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32f7/stm32f769i-disco/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32h7/nucleo-h743zi/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32h7/nucleo-h743zi/scripts/Make.defs
index 87a3481c20b..87da3457515 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32h7/nucleo-h743zi/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32h7/nucleo-h743zi/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32h7/stm32h747i-disco/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32h7/stm32h747i-disco/scripts/Make.defs
index d52beaa6282..798bc6619ff 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32h7/stm32h747i-disco/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32h7/stm32h747i-disco/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32l4/b-l475e-iot01a/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32l4/b-l475e-iot01a/scripts/Make.defs
index 1d35373c631..b8ee123801f 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32l4/b-l475e-iot01a/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32l4/b-l475e-iot01a/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -32,9 +32,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 # TODO add stm32 bootloader support
 LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32l4/nucleo-l432kc/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32l4/nucleo-l432kc/scripts/Make.defs
index 6078df6b848..972660ef539 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32l4/nucleo-l432kc/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32l4/nucleo-l432kc/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = l432kc.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32l4/nucleo-l452re/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32l4/nucleo-l452re/scripts/Make.defs
index 8b623cc4204..c35f9892041 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32l4/nucleo-l452re/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32l4/nucleo-l452re/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = l452re-flash.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32l4/nucleo-l476rg/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32l4/nucleo-l476rg/scripts/Make.defs
index a86076b88da..d8c97c28509 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32l4/nucleo-l476rg/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32l4/nucleo-l476rg/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = l476rg.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32l4/nucleo-l496zg/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32l4/nucleo-l496zg/scripts/Make.defs
index b8d8583aa4f..7a473accf90 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32l4/nucleo-l496zg/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32l4/nucleo-l496zg/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = l496zg-flash.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32l4/stm32l476-mdk/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32l4/stm32l476-mdk/scripts/Make.defs
index 7cde98a05d7..8540039caef 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32l4/stm32l476-mdk/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32l4/stm32l476-mdk/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = stm32l476-mdk.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32l4/stm32l476vg-disco/configs/knsh/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32l4/stm32l476vg-disco/configs/knsh/Make.defs
index a5e396feaa0..bdaf1ab9b62 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32l4/stm32l476vg-disco/configs/knsh/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32l4/stm32l476vg-disco/configs/knsh/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT1 = memory.ld
 LDSCRIPT2 = kernel-space.ld
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ ifeq ($(CONFIG_DEBUG_SYMBOLS),y)
   LDFLAGS += -g
 endif
 
-#LDFLAGS += -Map=${TOPDIR}/nuttx.map
+#LDFLAGS += -Map=$(TOPDIR)/nuttx.map
 #CFLAGS += -Wa,-adhln
 #CXXFLAGS += -Wa,-adhln
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32l4/stm32l476vg-disco/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32l4/stm32l476vg-disco/scripts/Make.defs
index d75baae7709..203b0c93276 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32l4/stm32l476vg-disco/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32l4/stm32l476vg-disco/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = stm32l476vg-disco.ld
 
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ ifeq ($(CONFIG_DEBUG_SYMBOLS),y)
   LDFLAGS += -g
 endif
 
-LDFLAGS += -Map=${TOPDIR}/nuttx.map
+LDFLAGS += -Map=$(TOPDIR)/nuttx.map
 #CFLAGS += -Wa,-adhln
 #CXXFLAGS += -Wa,-adhln
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32l4/stm32l4r9ai-disco/configs/knsh/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32l4/stm32l4r9ai-disco/configs/knsh/Make.defs
index 902cc333915..2bdf135c28c 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32l4/stm32l4r9ai-disco/configs/knsh/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32l4/stm32l4r9ai-disco/configs/knsh/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT1 = memory.ld
 LDSCRIPT2 = kernel-space.ld
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ ifeq ($(CONFIG_DEBUG_SYMBOLS),y)
   LDFLAGS += -g
 endif
 
-#LDFLAGS += -Map=${TOPDIR}/nuttx.map
+#LDFLAGS += -Map=$(TOPDIR)/nuttx.map
 #CFLAGS += -Wa,-adhln
 #CXXFLAGS += -Wa,-adhln
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/stm32l4/stm32l4r9ai-disco/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/stm32l4/stm32l4r9ai-disco/scripts/Make.defs
index e48ba8ebc96..b6b6d0b2ac2 100644
--- a/boards/arm/stm32l4/stm32l4r9ai-disco/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/stm32l4/stm32l4r9ai-disco/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = stm32l4r9ai-disco.ld
 
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ ifeq ($(CONFIG_DEBUG_SYMBOLS),y)
   LDFLAGS += -g
 endif
 
-LDFLAGS += -Map=${TOPDIR}/nuttx.map
+LDFLAGS += -Map=$(TOPDIR)/nuttx.map
 #CFLAGS += -Wa,-adhln
 #CXXFLAGS += -Wa,-adhln
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/str71x/olimex-strp711/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/str71x/olimex-strp711/scripts/Make.defs
index 8173d12a14b..01c56f9081e 100644
--- a/boards/arm/str71x/olimex-strp711/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/str71x/olimex-strp711/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ##############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/arm/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/arm/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/tiva/dk-tm4c129x/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/tiva/dk-tm4c129x/scripts/Make.defs
index 36fddc69bc7..b33fc32d6fd 100644
--- a/boards/arm/tiva/dk-tm4c129x/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/tiva/dk-tm4c129x/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/tiva/eagle100/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/tiva/eagle100/scripts/Make.defs
index 6569aa405de..fa7acc618a4 100644
--- a/boards/arm/tiva/eagle100/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/tiva/eagle100/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/tiva/ekk-lm3s9b96/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/tiva/ekk-lm3s9b96/scripts/Make.defs
index 6ce79693b7d..497f4437bec 100644
--- a/boards/arm/tiva/ekk-lm3s9b96/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/tiva/ekk-lm3s9b96/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/tiva/launchxl-cc1310/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/tiva/launchxl-cc1310/scripts/Make.defs
index 6799284059e..264af874f59 100644
--- a/boards/arm/tiva/launchxl-cc1310/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/tiva/launchxl-cc1310/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/tiva/launchxl-cc1312r1/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/tiva/launchxl-cc1312r1/scripts/Make.defs
index e5994c85ceb..c35d6f354c7 100644
--- a/boards/arm/tiva/launchxl-cc1312r1/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/tiva/launchxl-cc1312r1/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_BOOT_RUNFROMFLASH),y)
 LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
diff --git a/boards/arm/tiva/lm3s6432-s2e/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/tiva/lm3s6432-s2e/scripts/Make.defs
index b9f80779826..1ed469d472d 100644
--- a/boards/arm/tiva/lm3s6432-s2e/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/tiva/lm3s6432-s2e/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/tiva/lm3s6965-ek/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/tiva/lm3s6965-ek/scripts/Make.defs
index 97fe9a2f273..1325fef9620 100644
--- a/boards/arm/tiva/lm3s6965-ek/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/tiva/lm3s6965-ek/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/tiva/lm3s8962-ek/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/tiva/lm3s8962-ek/scripts/Make.defs
index 15773202851..f7a2ddc042e 100644
--- a/boards/arm/tiva/lm3s8962-ek/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/tiva/lm3s8962-ek/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/tiva/lm4f120-launchpad/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/tiva/lm4f120-launchpad/scripts/Make.defs
index 3169710d344..c8a27caab5f 100644
--- a/boards/arm/tiva/lm4f120-launchpad/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/tiva/lm4f120-launchpad/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/tiva/tm4c123g-launchpad/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/tiva/tm4c123g-launchpad/scripts/Make.defs
index 2bf15d053da..c55855456b9 100644
--- a/boards/arm/tiva/tm4c123g-launchpad/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/tiva/tm4c123g-launchpad/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/tiva/tm4c1294-launchpad/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/tiva/tm4c1294-launchpad/scripts/Make.defs
index 7e1c56cf50b..1afe7f85704 100644
--- a/boards/arm/tiva/tm4c1294-launchpad/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/tiva/tm4c1294-launchpad/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/arm/tms570/launchxl-tms57004/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/tms570/launchxl-tms57004/scripts/Make.defs
index fe3976e1bd0..f06c8ec8063 100644
--- a/boards/arm/tms570/launchxl-tms57004/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/tms570/launchxl-tms57004/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-r$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-r$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = flash-sram.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/tms570/tms570ls31x-usb-kit/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/tms570/tms570ls31x-usb-kit/scripts/Make.defs
index d26dfed9fc5..e7774cf514f 100644
--- a/boards/arm/tms570/tms570ls31x-usb-kit/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/tms570/tms570ls31x-usb-kit/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-r$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)$(DELIM)arch$(DELIM)arm$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)armv7-r$(DELIM)Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = flash-sram.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/xmc4/xmc4500-relax/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/xmc4/xmc4500-relax/scripts/Make.defs
index 5b1c9fce65c..5a1f3d3a779 100644
--- a/boards/arm/xmc4/xmc4500-relax/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/xmc4/xmc4500-relax/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/arm/xmc4/xmc4700-relax/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/arm/xmc4/xmc4700-relax/scripts/Make.defs
index b9230354f9d..da3c80180af 100644
--- a/boards/arm/xmc4/xmc4700-relax/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/arm/xmc4/xmc4700-relax/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/avr/at32uc3/avr32dev1/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/avr/at32uc3/avr32dev1/scripts/Make.defs
index a431f4e4595..034b7efe422 100644
--- a/boards/avr/at32uc3/avr32dev1/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/avr/at32uc3/avr32dev1/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/avr/src/avr32/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/avr/src/avr32/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/avr/at90usb/micropendous3/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/avr/at90usb/micropendous3/scripts/Make.defs
index 6818d09a44d..5aa834637dc 100644
--- a/boards/avr/at90usb/micropendous3/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/avr/at90usb/micropendous3/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/avr/src/avr/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/avr/src/avr/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/avr/at90usb/teensy-2.0/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/avr/at90usb/teensy-2.0/scripts/Make.defs
index 37e23717de2..961df5175fd 100644
--- a/boards/avr/at90usb/teensy-2.0/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/avr/at90usb/teensy-2.0/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/avr/src/avr/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/avr/src/avr/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/avr/atmega/amber/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/avr/atmega/amber/scripts/Make.defs
index 2c2e4843037..f2cd549e3a6 100644
--- a/boards/avr/atmega/amber/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/avr/atmega/amber/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/avr/src/avr/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/avr/src/avr/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/avr/atmega/arduino-mega2560/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/avr/atmega/arduino-mega2560/scripts/Make.defs
index 097b30f37a4..970363b6bef 100644
--- a/boards/avr/atmega/arduino-mega2560/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/avr/atmega/arduino-mega2560/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/avr/src/avr/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/avr/src/avr/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/avr/atmega/moteino-mega/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/avr/atmega/moteino-mega/scripts/Make.defs
index 8c9caca5bc0..bf5b1714200 100644
--- a/boards/avr/atmega/moteino-mega/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/avr/atmega/moteino-mega/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/avr/src/avr/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/avr/src/avr/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/hc/m9s12/demo9s12ne64/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/hc/m9s12/demo9s12ne64/scripts/Make.defs
index b7ac3f97f5e..7dbece345e4 100644
--- a/boards/hc/m9s12/demo9s12ne64/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/hc/m9s12/demo9s12ne64/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
 
 # Setup for the selected toolchain
 # NuttX buildroot under Linux or Cygwin
diff --git a/boards/hc/m9s12/ne64badge/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/hc/m9s12/ne64badge/scripts/Make.defs
index 5a5645d88bf..936e330422e 100644
--- a/boards/hc/m9s12/ne64badge/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/hc/m9s12/ne64badge/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
 
 # Setup for the selected toolchain
 # NuttX buildroot under Linux or Cygwin
diff --git a/boards/mips/pic32mx/mirtoo/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/mips/pic32mx/mirtoo/scripts/Make.defs
index e419f4b915e..89535835280 100644
--- a/boards/mips/pic32mx/mirtoo/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/mips/pic32mx/mirtoo/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/pic32/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/mips/src/mips32/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/pic32/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/mips/src/mips32/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CYGWIN_WINTOOL),y)
   # Windows-native toolchains
diff --git a/boards/mips/pic32mx/pic32mx-starterkit/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/mips/pic32mx/pic32mx-starterkit/scripts/Make.defs
index e72e241fd26..7888d995d18 100644
--- a/boards/mips/pic32mx/pic32mx-starterkit/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/mips/pic32mx/pic32mx-starterkit/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/pic32/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/mips/src/mips32/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/pic32/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/mips/src/mips32/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_MIPS32_TOOLCHAIN_GNU_ELF),y)
 LDSCRIPT = mips-release.ld
diff --git a/boards/mips/pic32mx/pic32mx7mmb/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/mips/pic32mx/pic32mx7mmb/scripts/Make.defs
index de4f5d7428d..90f2365c3d5 100644
--- a/boards/mips/pic32mx/pic32mx7mmb/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/mips/pic32mx/pic32mx7mmb/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/pic32/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/mips/src/mips32/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/pic32/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/mips/src/mips32/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_MIPS32_TOOLCHAIN_GNU_ELF),y)
 LDSCRIPT = mips-release.ld
diff --git a/boards/mips/pic32mx/sure-pic32mx/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/mips/pic32mx/sure-pic32mx/scripts/Make.defs
index 1ca88c09341..53d4bb7fc1a 100644
--- a/boards/mips/pic32mx/sure-pic32mx/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/mips/pic32mx/sure-pic32mx/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/pic32/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/mips/src/mips32/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/pic32/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/mips/src/mips32/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_MIPS32_TOOLCHAIN_GNU_ELF),y)
 LDSCRIPT = mips-release.ld
diff --git a/boards/mips/pic32mx/ubw32/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/mips/pic32mx/ubw32/scripts/Make.defs
index 19a7d5a8786..aea2cd259ff 100644
--- a/boards/mips/pic32mx/ubw32/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/mips/pic32mx/ubw32/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/pic32/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/mips/src/mips32/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/pic32/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/mips/src/mips32/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_MIPS32_TOOLCHAIN_GNU_ELF),y)
 LDSCRIPT = mips-release.ld
diff --git a/boards/mips/pic32mz/flipnclick-pic32mz/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/mips/pic32mz/flipnclick-pic32mz/scripts/Make.defs
index 7affb0e296c..4c720b6a835 100644
--- a/boards/mips/pic32mz/flipnclick-pic32mz/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/mips/pic32mz/flipnclick-pic32mz/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/pic32/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/mips/src/mips32/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/pic32/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/mips/src/mips32/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_MIPS32_TOOLCHAIN_GNU_ELF),y)
   LDSCRIPT = mips-debug.ld
diff --git a/boards/mips/pic32mz/pic32mz-starterkit/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/mips/pic32mz/pic32mz-starterkit/scripts/Make.defs
index 4f54370269f..6178f4a7f13 100644
--- a/boards/mips/pic32mz/pic32mz-starterkit/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/mips/pic32mz/pic32mz-starterkit/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/pic32/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/mips/src/mips32/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/pic32/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/mips/src/mips32/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_MIPS32_TOOLCHAIN_GNU_ELF),y)
   LDSCRIPT = mips-debug.ld
diff --git a/boards/misoc/lm32/misoc/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/misoc/lm32/misoc/scripts/Make.defs
index aae4591698a..b77aa7f5b30 100644
--- a/boards/misoc/lm32/misoc/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/misoc/lm32/misoc/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -34,15 +34,15 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_CHIP_LM32),y)
- include ${TOPDIR}/arch/misoc/src/lm32/Toolchain.defs
+ include $(TOPDIR)/arch/misoc/src/lm32/Toolchain.defs
  LDSCRIPT=lm32.ld
 endif
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_CHIP_MINERVA),y)
- include ${TOPDIR}/arch/misoc/src/minerva/Toolchain.defs
+ include $(TOPDIR)/arch/misoc/src/minerva/Toolchain.defs
  LDSCRIPT=minerva.ld
 endif
 
diff --git a/boards/or1k/mor1kx/or1k/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/or1k/mor1kx/or1k/scripts/Make.defs
index 7356b34f8a5..6eb65146273 100644
--- a/boards/or1k/mor1kx/or1k/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/or1k/mor1kx/or1k/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/or1k/src/mor1kx/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/or1k/src/mor1kx/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = flash.ld
 
diff --git a/boards/renesas/m16c/skp16c26/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/renesas/m16c/skp16c26/scripts/Make.defs
index 12bf4a102e5..99492b00eb0 100644
--- a/boards/renesas/m16c/skp16c26/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/renesas/m16c/skp16c26/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
 
 CROSSDEV		= m32c-nuttx-elf-
 CC			= $(CROSSDEV)gcc
diff --git a/boards/renesas/rx65n/rx65n-grrose/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/renesas/rx65n/rx65n-grrose/scripts/Make.defs
index 73fb1619ab5..5da3973c290 100644
--- a/boards/renesas/rx65n/rx65n-grrose/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/renesas/rx65n/rx65n-grrose/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
 #
 ##############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_DEBUG_SYMBOLS),y)
   ARCHOPTIMIZATION = -g
diff --git a/boards/renesas/rx65n/rx65n-rsk1mb/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/renesas/rx65n/rx65n-rsk1mb/scripts/Make.defs
index 48087f90051..878d7f20d13 100644
--- a/boards/renesas/rx65n/rx65n-rsk1mb/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/renesas/rx65n/rx65n-rsk1mb/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
 #
 ##############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_DEBUG_SYMBOLS),y)
   ARCHOPTIMIZATION = -g
diff --git a/boards/renesas/rx65n/rx65n-rsk2mb/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/renesas/rx65n/rx65n-rsk2mb/scripts/Make.defs
index b179ec99143..13ffe2906b5 100644
--- a/boards/renesas/rx65n/rx65n-rsk2mb/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/renesas/rx65n/rx65n-rsk2mb/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
 #
 ##############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_DEBUG_SYMBOLS),y)
   ARCHOPTIMIZATION = -g
diff --git a/boards/renesas/rx65n/rx65n/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/renesas/rx65n/rx65n/scripts/Make.defs
index 3dcb63b350f..1452dcede2b 100644
--- a/boards/renesas/rx65n/rx65n/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/renesas/rx65n/rx65n/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
 #
 ##############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_DEBUG_SYMBOLS),y)
   ARCHOPTIMIZATION = -g
diff --git a/boards/renesas/sh1/us7032evb1/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/renesas/sh1/us7032evb1/scripts/Make.defs
index 58bc6916842..2ecd6e74feb 100644
--- a/boards/renesas/sh1/us7032evb1/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/renesas/sh1/us7032evb1/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
 #
 ##############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_DEBUG_SYMBOLS),y)
   ARCHOPTIMIZATION = -g
diff --git a/boards/risc-v/fe310/hifive1-revb/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/risc-v/fe310/hifive1-revb/scripts/Make.defs
index 4c4b20b6036..adb2ff8e62f 100644
--- a/boards/risc-v/fe310/hifive1-revb/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/risc-v/fe310/hifive1-revb/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/risc-v/src/rv32im/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/risc-v/src/rv32im/Toolchain.defs
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_CHIP_FE310_QEMU),y)
   LDSCRIPT = ld-qemu.script
diff --git a/boards/risc-v/gap8/gapuino/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/risc-v/gap8/gapuino/scripts/Make.defs
index 87d90a34eb1..8ca9e6b9151 100644
--- a/boards/risc-v/gap8/gapuino/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/risc-v/gap8/gapuino/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/risc-v/src/rv32im/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/risc-v/src/rv32im/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/risc-v/k210/maix-bit/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/risc-v/k210/maix-bit/scripts/Make.defs
index 30895e920d6..766580d723d 100644
--- a/boards/risc-v/k210/maix-bit/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/risc-v/k210/maix-bit/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/risc-v/src/rv64gc/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/risc-v/src/rv64gc/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/risc-v/litex/arty_a7/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/risc-v/litex/arty_a7/scripts/Make.defs
index 76c02ae1645..5444bb77b47 100644
--- a/boards/risc-v/litex/arty_a7/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/risc-v/litex/arty_a7/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/risc-v/src/rv32im/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/risc-v/src/rv32im/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/risc-v/nr5m100/nr5m100-nexys4/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/risc-v/nr5m100/nr5m100-nexys4/scripts/Make.defs
index d4f969bf414..228c1c09005 100644
--- a/boards/risc-v/nr5m100/nr5m100-nexys4/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/risc-v/nr5m100/nr5m100-nexys4/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/risc-v/src/rv32im/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/risc-v/src/rv32im/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT = ld.script
 
diff --git a/boards/sim/sim/sim/configs/cxxtest/Make.defs b/boards/sim/sim/sim/configs/cxxtest/Make.defs
index 1934dd949ed..470a37a5bb2 100644
--- a/boards/sim/sim/sim/configs/cxxtest/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/sim/sim/sim/configs/cxxtest/Make.defs
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
 
 HOSTOS = ${shell uname -o 2>/dev/null || uname -s 2>/dev/null || echo "Other"}
 
diff --git a/boards/sim/sim/sim/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/sim/sim/sim/scripts/Make.defs
index 8358e00f222..48f7da23aa9 100644
--- a/boards/sim/sim/sim/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/sim/sim/sim/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
 
 HOSTOS = ${shell uname -o 2>/dev/null || uname -s 2>/dev/null || echo "Other"}
 
diff --git a/boards/x86/qemu/qemu-i486/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/x86/qemu/qemu-i486/scripts/Make.defs
index 31d567475a5..5e799bb2953 100644
--- a/boards/x86/qemu/qemu-i486/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/x86/qemu/qemu-i486/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
 
 HOSTOS = ${shell uname -o 2>/dev/null || uname -s 2>/dev/null || echo "Other"}
 
diff --git a/boards/x86_64/intel64/qemu-intel64/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/x86_64/intel64/qemu-intel64/scripts/Make.defs
index 698358860da..c7d4c62c853 100644
--- a/boards/x86_64/intel64/qemu-intel64/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/x86_64/intel64/qemu-intel64/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
 
 HOSTOS = ${shell uname -o 2>/dev/null || echo "Other"}
 
diff --git a/boards/xtensa/esp32/esp32-core/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/xtensa/esp32/esp32-core/scripts/Make.defs
index 9b599f4b9ff..99da14e823d 100644
--- a/boards/xtensa/esp32/esp32-core/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/xtensa/esp32/esp32-core/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/boards/xtensa/esp32/esp32-core/scripts/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/xtensa/src/lx6/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/boards/xtensa/esp32/esp32-core/scripts/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/xtensa/src/lx6/Toolchain.defs
 
 LDSCRIPT1 = $(TOPDIR)/boards/$(CONFIG_ARCH)/$(CONFIG_ARCH_CHIP)/$(CONFIG_ARCH_BOARD)/scripts/esp32_out.ld
 LDSCRIPT3 = $(TOPDIR)/boards/$(CONFIG_ARCH)/$(CONFIG_ARCH_CHIP)/$(CONFIG_ARCH_BOARD)/scripts/esp32_rom.ld
diff --git a/boards/z16/z16f/z16f2800100zcog/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/z16/z16f/z16f2800100zcog/scripts/Make.defs
index 565f14b145f..05df10cadf4 100644
--- a/boards/z16/z16f/z16f2800100zcog/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/z16/z16f/z16f2800100zcog/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 include $(TOPDIR)/.config
 include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/z16/src/z16f/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/z16/src/z16f/Toolchain.defs
 include $(TOPDIR)/tools/zds/Config.mk
 
 # CFLAGS
diff --git a/boards/z80/ez80/ez80f910200kitg/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/z80/ez80/ez80f910200kitg/scripts/Make.defs
index 315d8ae674e..e56c3d9e722 100644
--- a/boards/z80/ez80/ez80f910200kitg/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/z80/ez80/ez80f910200kitg/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 
 include $(TOPDIR)/.config
 include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/z80/src/ez80/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/z80/src/ez80/Toolchain.defs
 include $(TOPDIR)/tools/zds/Config.mk
 
 # CFLAGS
diff --git a/boards/z80/ez80/ez80f910200zco/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/z80/ez80/ez80f910200zco/scripts/Make.defs
index ce87067e154..c26c759dfe7 100644
--- a/boards/z80/ez80/ez80f910200zco/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/z80/ez80/ez80f910200zco/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 
 include $(TOPDIR)/.config
 include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/z80/src/ez80/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/z80/src/ez80/Toolchain.defs
 include $(TOPDIR)/tools/zds/Config.mk
 
 # CFLAGS
diff --git a/boards/z80/ez80/makerlisp/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/z80/ez80/makerlisp/scripts/Make.defs
index 84b3fe97ae9..d7a33b5d799 100644
--- a/boards/z80/ez80/makerlisp/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/z80/ez80/makerlisp/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 
 include $(TOPDIR)/.config
 include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/z80/src/ez80/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/z80/src/ez80/Toolchain.defs
 include $(TOPDIR)/tools/zds/Config.mk
 
 # CFLAGS
diff --git a/boards/z80/ez80/z20x/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/z80/ez80/z20x/scripts/Make.defs
index c8c1c1d6f42..1ca27c34be9 100644
--- a/boards/z80/ez80/z20x/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/z80/ez80/z20x/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 include $(TOPDIR)/.config
 include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/z80/src/ez80/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/z80/src/ez80/Toolchain.defs
 include $(TOPDIR)/tools/zds/Config.mk
 
 # CFLAGS
diff --git a/boards/z80/z180/p112/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/z80/z180/p112/scripts/Make.defs
index e9325634047..624337068f4 100644
--- a/boards/z80/z180/p112/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/z80/z180/p112/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
 
 # These are the directories where the SDCC toolchain is installed.  NOTE
 # that short 8.3 path names are used in order to avoid spaces.  On my machine
diff --git a/boards/z80/z8/z8encore000zco/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/z80/z8/z8encore000zco/scripts/Make.defs
index e69f3a15c93..7773025f0c6 100644
--- a/boards/z80/z8/z8encore000zco/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/z80/z8/z8encore000zco/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 
 include $(TOPDIR)/.config
 include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/z80/src/z8/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/z80/src/z8/Toolchain.defs
 include $(TOPDIR)/tools/zds/Config.mk
 
 # CFLAGS
diff --git a/boards/z80/z8/z8f64200100kit/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/z80/z8/z8f64200100kit/scripts/Make.defs
index cc143ebe7ca..9c5ed86c6c3 100644
--- a/boards/z80/z8/z8f64200100kit/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/z80/z8/z8f64200100kit/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 
 include $(TOPDIR)/.config
 include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
-include ${TOPDIR}/arch/z80/src/z8/Toolchain.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/arch/z80/src/z8/Toolchain.defs
 include $(TOPDIR)/tools/zds/Config.mk
 
 # CFLAGS
diff --git a/boards/z80/z80/z80sim/scripts/Make.defs b/boards/z80/z80/z80sim/scripts/Make.defs
index c3da1570c6a..186ee2897e9 100644
--- a/boards/z80/z80/z80sim/scripts/Make.defs
+++ b/boards/z80/z80/z80sim/scripts/Make.defs
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
 #
 ############################################################################
 
-include ${TOPDIR}/.config
-include ${TOPDIR}/tools/Config.mk
+include $(TOPDIR)/.config
+include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk
 
 # These are the directories where the SDCC toolchain is installed.  NOTE
 # that short 8.3 path names are used in order to avoid spaces.  On my machine
diff --git a/libs/libc/machine/Make.defs b/libs/libc/machine/Make.defs
index 8cfd7029649..3e1e110ba35 100644
--- a/libs/libc/machine/Make.defs
+++ b/libs/libc/machine/Make.defs
@@ -34,17 +34,17 @@
 ############################################################################
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_ARM),y)
-include ${TOPDIR}/libs/libc/machine/arm/Make.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/libs/libc/machine/arm/Make.defs
 endif
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_RISCV),y)
-include ${TOPDIR}/libs/libc/machine/risc-v/Make.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/libs/libc/machine/risc-v/Make.defs
 endif
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_SIM),y)
-include ${TOPDIR}/libs/libc/machine/sim/Make.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/libs/libc/machine/sim/Make.defs
 endif
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_X86),y)
-include ${TOPDIR}/libs/libc/machine/x86/Make.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/libs/libc/machine/x86/Make.defs
 endif
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_XTENSA),y)
-include ${TOPDIR}/libs/libc/machine/xtensa/Make.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/libs/libc/machine/xtensa/Make.defs
 endif
diff --git a/libs/libc/machine/arm/Make.defs b/libs/libc/machine/arm/Make.defs
index aedcaa169b8..5f8cd9ea572 100644
--- a/libs/libc/machine/arm/Make.defs
+++ b/libs/libc/machine/arm/Make.defs
@@ -34,19 +34,19 @@
 ############################################################################
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_ARM7TDMI),y)        # ARM7TDMI is ARMv4T
-include ${TOPDIR}/libs/libc/machine/arm/arm/Make.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/libs/libc/machine/arm/arm/Make.defs
 else ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_ARM920T),y)    # ARM920T is ARMv4T
-include ${TOPDIR}/libs/libc/machine/arm/arm/Make.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/libs/libc/machine/arm/arm/Make.defs
 else ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_ARM926EJS),y)  # ARM926EJS is ARMv5TE
-include ${TOPDIR}/libs/libc/machine/arm/arm/Make.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/libs/libc/machine/arm/arm/Make.defs
 else ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_ARMV7A),y)     # All ARMv7-A
-include ${TOPDIR}/libs/libc/machine/arm/armv7-a/Make.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/libs/libc/machine/arm/armv7-a/Make.defs
 else ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_ARMV7R),y)     # All ARMv7-R
-include ${TOPDIR}/libs/libc/machine/arm/armv7-r/Make.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/libs/libc/machine/arm/armv7-r/Make.defs
 else ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_CORTEXM0),y)   # Cortex-M0 is ARMv6-M
-include ${TOPDIR}/libs/libc/machine/arm/armv6-m/Make.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/libs/libc/machine/arm/armv6-m/Make.defs
 else ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_ARMV7M),y)     # All ARMv7-M
-include ${TOPDIR}/libs/libc/machine/arm/armv7-m/Make.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/libs/libc/machine/arm/armv7-m/Make.defs
 else ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_CORTEXM33),y)  # Cortex-M33 is ARMv8-M
-include ${TOPDIR}/libs/libc/machine/arm/armv8/Make.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/libs/libc/machine/arm/armv8/Make.defs
 endif
diff --git a/libs/libc/machine/risc-v/Make.defs b/libs/libc/machine/risc-v/Make.defs
index d50be9f4968..975d9db612e 100644
--- a/libs/libc/machine/risc-v/Make.defs
+++ b/libs/libc/machine/risc-v/Make.defs
@@ -19,5 +19,5 @@
 ############################################################################
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_RV64GC),y)
-include ${TOPDIR}/libs/libc/machine/risc-v/rv64/Make.defs
+include $(TOPDIR)/libs/libc/machine/risc-v/rv64/Make.defs
 endif
diff --git a/tools/Makefile.unix b/tools/Makefile.unix
index 57a6caa939a..8f71e717b1b 100644
--- a/tools/Makefile.unix
+++ b/tools/Makefile.unix
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ clean_context:
 # configuration files have been installed and that NuttX is ready to be built.
 
 check_context:
-	$(Q) if [ ! -e ${TOPDIR}/.config -o ! -e ${TOPDIR}/Make.defs ]; then \
+	$(Q) if [ ! -e $(TOPDIR)/.config -o ! -e $(TOPDIR)/Make.defs ]; then \
 		echo "" ; \
 		echo "Nuttx has not been configured:" ; \
 		echo "  tools/configure.sh <target>" ; \